The 9th of Muharram (Tasu’a): History, Significance, and Islamic Teachings

Overview

In the Islamic calendar, the ninth day of Muharram, or Tasua, is a day of great spiritual and historical importance. This day, which comes within the holy month of Muharram, is necessary to remember the battle of Karbala, one of the most terrible events in Islamic history. Muharram's 9th is the eve of Ashura, which is the day of martyrdom of Imam Hussain Ibn Ali, the adeded grandson of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ ﷺ), and is important for Muslims worldwide, especially the Shia community.

1. Muharram: A Sacred Month in Islam

Muharram stands out as one of the four sacred months highlighted in the Qur'an:
“Indeed, the number of months with Allah is twelve [lunar] months in the register of Allah from the day He created the heavens and the earth; of these, four are sacred...”
— Surah At-Tawbah (9:36)
These sacred months — Dhul-Qa’dah, Dhul-Hijjah, Muharram, and Rajab — are special times when warfare was traditionally off-limits, and acts of worship are especially rewarded.

 

2. A Glimpse into the History of Tasu’a (9th Muharram)

The 9th of Muharram, or Tasu’a, is the day that comes right before Ashura and is deeply connected to the heart-wrenching events that unfolded in Karbala in 61 AH (680 AD).

The Stand at Karbala

Imam Hussain ibn Ali, the beloved grandson of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), stood firm against pledging allegiance to the Umayyad ruler Yazid ibn Muawiya, whom he saw as unjust and corrupt. Alongside about 72 family members and loyal supporters, Imam Hussain found himself surrounded and besieged by Yazid’s forces in the arid desert of Karbala, which is in present-day Iraq.

On the 9th of Muharram, Yazid’s army readied themselves for battle. Imam Hussain, wishing to spend one last night in prayer and spiritual reflection, asked for a brief delay. Thus, the night of Tasu’a was filled with worship, contemplation, and heartfelt goodbyes. 

3. Significance of the 9th Muharram in Shia Islam

Spiritual Significance: Tasu’a symbolizes the last moments of hope, resilience, and spiritual strength before the tragic events unfold. It honors the unwavering loyalty of Imam Hussain's companions and family, particularly highlighting the courage of his half-brother, Hazrat Abbas ibn Ali, who played a crucial role in the lead-up to Ashura. On this day, many gather for majalis (commemorative gatherings) to reflect on the trials faced in Karbala, with emotions running high as they approach Ashura.

4. Significance of the 9th Muharram in Sunni Islam

The Fast of Ashura: When the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) arrived in Medina, he noticed that the Jewish community was fasting on the 10th of Muharram to commemorate the day Allah saved Prophet Musa (Moses) and the Children of Israel from Pharaoh. Ibn Abbas (RA) narrates: “The Prophet (ﷺ) came to Medina and saw the Jews fasting on the day of Ashura. He asked, ‘What is this?’ They replied, ‘This is a righteous day; it is the day when Allah saved the Children of Israel from their enemies, so Musa fasted on this day.’ The Prophet said, ‘We have more right to Musa than you.’ So he fasted on that day and instructed [the Muslims] to do the same.” — Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith 2004 Fasting on the 9th and 10th: The Prophet (ﷺ) later encouraged fasting on the 9th as well, to set apart from the Jewish practice: “If I live till the next year, I will definitely fast on the 9th [as well].” — Sahih Muslim. Therefore, fasting on both the 9th and 10th of Muharram is regarded as mustahabb (recommended) for Sunni Muslims.

5. Misconceptions and Innovations

Islamic scholars caution against falling for superstitions and unverified practices linked to Muharram, such as: The belief that Muharram is a month of bad luck (which has no basis in Islam). Engaging in self-flagellation or drawing blood, which some scholars deem impermissible. Creating special foods or customs that aren't rooted in authentic Sunnah. Islam encourages remembrance, mourning (in moderation), and learning spiritual lessons — not introducing new practices.

6. Lessons from the 9th of Muharram

Courage in the face of oppression: Imam Hussain's example inspires Muslims to stand up against injustice and never stay silent.  Faith and spirituality: Even when facing martyrdom, the companions of Karbala prioritized prayer, loyalty, and devotion. Unity: Muharram should serve as a moment for reflection and togetherness among Muslims, rather than a time of division.